Hangarau Maimoatanga Wai Hikohiko-iti

I te whanaketanga o ngā rangahau, kua tino pakari haere te hangarau mō te rongoā i ngā wai para ahumahi mā te whakamahi i te hiko iti-waro rino. Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te hangarau hiko iti i roto i te rongoā i ngā wai para ahumahi uaua, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mahi hangarau.

He tino māmā te kaupapa o te hiko-iti; ka whakamahia te waikura o ngā konganuku hei hanga pūtau hiko-matū mō te maimoatanga wai para. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga ngā para rino para hei rauemi mata, kāore e hiahiatia he whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiko, ā, nō reira, e whakaatu ana i te ariā o te "whakaora i ngā para ki ngā para." Ina koa, i roto i te pou hiko-roto o te tukanga hiko-iti, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi pēnei i ngā para rino para me te waro whakahohe hei whakakī. Mā roto i ngā tauhohenga matū, ka puta ngā katote Fe2+ whakaiti kaha, ka taea te whakaiti i ētahi wāhanga o te wai para he āhuatanga waikura.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakamahi i te Fe(OH)2 mō te whakapūmau i roto i te maimoatanga wai, ā, he kaha te waro whakahohe ki te mimiti, ka tango pai i ngā matū waro me ngā moroiti. Nō reira, ko te hiko-iti ko te whakaputa i te iahiko ngoikore mā roto i te pūtau hiko-waro rino, e whakaoho ana i te tipu me te pākia o ngā moroiti. Ko te painga matua o te tikanga maimoatanga wai hiko-ā-roto ko te kore e pau te pūngao, ā, ka taea te tango i ngā poke me te tae mai i te wai para i te wā kotahi, me te whakapai ake i te pirau koiora o ngā matū uaua. Ko te hangarau maimoatanga wai hiko-iti e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei tikanga maimoatanga mua, hei tikanga tāpiri rānei me ētahi atu tikanga maimoatanga wai hei whakarei ake i te maimoatanga me te pirau koiora o te wai para. Heoi, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki ōna, ko te ngoikoretanga matua ko te tere o te tauhohenga, te aukati i te tauhohenga, me ngā wero ki te maimoatanga i te wai para nui te kukū.

I te tīmatanga, i whakamahia te hangarau hiko-iti waro-rino ki te tukatuka i te wai para tae me te tā, ā, i puta he hua pai. I tua atu, he nui ngā rangahau me ngā tono kua mahia ki te tukatuka i te wai para whai kiko waro mai i te hanga pepa, ngā rongoā, te tunu kai, te wai para waro tote-nui, te whakakikorua hiko, ngā matū hinu, te wai para kei roto ngā patu pepeke, tae atu ki te wai para kei roto te arsenic me te cyanide. I roto i te maimoatanga o te wai para waro, ehara i te mea ka tangohia noa e te hiko-iti ngā matū waro engari ka whakaitihia hoki te COD me te whakarei ake i te pirau koiora. Ka āwhina i te tango i ngā rōpū oxidative i roto i ngā matū waro mā te adsorption, te coagulation, te chelation, me te electro-deposition, ka hangaia he āhuatanga pai mō te maimoatanga atu.

I roto i ngā mahi whaihua, kua whakaatuhia e te hikohiko iti-waro rino ngā painga nui me ngā tūmanakohanga whai hua. Heoi, ko ngā take pēnei i te aukati me te whakahaere pH ka whakawhāiti i te whanaketanga tonu o tēnei tukanga. Me whakahaere e ngā tohunga taiao ētahi atu rangahau hei waihanga i ngā āhuatanga pai ake mō te whakamahinga o te hangarau hikohiko iti-waro rino i roto i te maimoatanga o ngā wai para ahumahi nui.