I te pikinga ake o te whai a te ao i te pūngao ma me te whanaketanga tauwhiro, kei te piki haere te tirohanga a te tangata mō te pūngao hauwai, hei kaikawe pūngao ma, whai hua hoki. Hei hononga matua i roto i te mekameka umanga pūngao hauwai, ehara i te mea ko te haumaru me te pono o te pūngao hauwai anake te mea e pā ana ki te hangarau purenga hauwai, engari he pānga tika hoki ki te whānuitanga o te tono me ngā painga ōhanga o te pūngao hauwai.
1. Ngā whakaritenga mō te hauwai hua
He rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō te parakore me te ihirangi poke o te hauwai, hei rauemi mata matū me te kawe pūngao, i roto i ngā horopaki whakamahinga rerekē. I roto i te hanga o te haukini hangai, te methanol me ētahi atu hua matū, hei ārai i te paitini whakakorikori me te whakarite i te kounga o te hua, me tango wawe ngā whanariki me ētahi atu matū paitini i roto i te hau whāngai hei whakaiti i te ihirangi poke kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga. I roto i ngā mara ahumahi pēnei i te whakarewa, te uku, te karāhe, me ngā haurua-ā-ira, ka pā tika te hau hauwai ki ngā hua, ā, he tino kaha ake ngā whakaritenga mō te parakore me te ihirangi poke. Hei tauira, i roto i te umanga haurua-ā-ira, ka whakamahia te hauwai mō ngā tukanga pēnei i te whakarite karaihe me te papa, te waikura, te whakamahana, me ētahi atu, he tino teitei ngā herenga ki ngā poke pēnei i te hāora, te wai, ngā hauwaiwai taumaha, te hauwaiwhana whanariki, me ētahi atu i roto i te hauwai.
2. Te kaupapa mahi o te tango hāora
I raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori, ka taea e te iti o te hāora i roto i te hauwai te tauhohe ki te hauwai hei whakaputa wai, ā, ka tutuki ai te kaupapa o te tango hāora. He tauhohenga werawera te tauhohenga, ā, ko te whārite tauhohenga penei:
2H₂+O₂ (whakakorikori) -2H₂O+Q
Nā te mea kāore te hanganga, ngā āhuatanga matū, me te kounga o te whakakōkī tonu e rerekē i mua me muri i te tauhohenga, ka taea te whakamahi tonu i te whakakōkī me te kore e hiahiatia he whakahoutanga.
He hanganga rango o roto, o waho hoki o te deoxidizer, me te whakakorikori e utaina ana i waenganui i ngā rango o waho me ngā rango o roto. Kei roto i te rango o roto te wāhanga whakamahana hiko ātete-pahū, ā, e rua ngā pūoko pāmahana kei te tihi me te raro o te takai whakakorikori hei kite me te whakahaere i te pāmahana tauhohenga. Kua takaihia te rango o waho ki te paparanga whakamarumaru hei ārai i te ngaronga wera me te karo i ngā wera. Ka tomo te hauwai mata ki te rango o roto mai i te tomokanga o runga o te deoxidizer, ka whakamahanahia e te huānga whakamahana hiko, ā, ka rere mā roto i te moenga whakakorikori mai i raro ki runga. Ka tauhohe te hāora i roto i te hauwai mata ki te hauwai i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori hei whakaputa wai. Ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te hāora i roto i te hauwai e rere ana mai i te putanga o raro ki raro iho i te 1ppm. Ka rere te wai i hangaia e te whakakotahitanga mai i te deoxidizer i roto i te āhua hau me te hau hauwai, ka whakapūmau i roto i te whakamatao hauwai e whai ake nei, ka tātarihia i roto i te wehewehe hau-wai, ā, ka tukuna atu i te pūnaha.
3. Te kaupapa mahi o te maroke
Ko te whakamaroke i te hau hauwai he tikanga mimiti, mā te whakamahi i ngā tātari ngota hei mimiti. I muri i te whakamaroketanga, ka taea e te pāmahana tomairangi o te hau hauwai te eke ki raro iho i te -70 ℃. Ko te tātari ngota he momo matū aluminosilicate me te whatunga poraka, e hanga ana i ngā kōhao maha o te rahi kotahi i roto i muri i te whakamaroketanga, ā, he tino whānui te horahanga o te mata. Ka kiia ngā tātari ngota he tātari ngota nā te mea ka taea e rātou te wehewehe i ngā ngota he rerekē te āhua, te diameter, te polarity, te pāmahana kohua, me ngā taumata kukū.
He ngota tino pōro te wai, ā, he kaha te piri o ngā tātari ngota ki te wai. Ko te mimiti o ngā tātari ngota he mimiti ā-tinana, ā, ina mākū te mimiti, ka roa te wā e whakamahanahia ai, e whakahoutia ai i mua i te mimiti anō. Nō reira, kia rua ngā whakamaroke kei roto i tētahi taputapu horoi, ka mahi tētahi, ka whakahoutia anō tētahi, kia mau tonu ai te whakaputanga o te hau hauwai pumau.
He hanganga rango o roto, o waho hoki o te whakamaroke, me te mea mimiti e utaina ana i waenganui i ngā rango o waho me ngā rango o roto. Kei roto i te rango o roto te wāhanga whakamahana hiko ātete-pahū, ā, e rua ngā pūoko pāmahana kei te tihi me te raro o te takai tātari ngota hei kimi me te whakahaere i te pāmahana tauhohenga. Kua takaihia te rango o waho ki te paparanga whakamarumaru hei ārai i te ngaronga wera me te karo i ngā wera. Ka hurihia te rere o te hau i roto i te āhua mimiti (tae atu ki ngā āhua mahi tuatahi me tuarua) me te āhua whakaora. I te āhua mimiti, ko te paipa pito o runga te putanga hau, ā, ko te paipa pito o raro te tomokanga hau. I te āhua whakaora, ko te paipa pito o runga te tomokanga hau, ā, ko te paipa pito o raro te putanga hau. Ka taea te wehewehe i te pūnaha whakamaroke kia rua ngā whakamaroke pourewa me te toru ngā whakamaroke pourewa i runga i te maha o ngā whakamaroke.
4. Tukanga pourewa e rua
E rua ngā whakamaroke kua tāutahia ki roto i te taputapu, ka tauwhitiwhiti, ka whakahou anō i roto i te huringa kotahi (48 hāora) kia mau tonu ai te mahi a te taputapu katoa. I muri i te whakamaroketanga, ka taea e te pāmahana tomairangi o te hauwai te eke ki raro iho i te -60 ℃. I roto i te huringa mahi (48 hāora), ka pāngia ngā whakamaroke A me B e ngā āhua mahi me te āhua whakahou anō.
I roto i te huringa whakawhiti kotahi, e rua ngā āhua o te whakamaroke: te āhua mahi me te āhua whakaora.
·Āhua whakaora: Ko te rōrahi hau tukatuka he rōrahi hau katoa. Kei roto i te āhua whakaora te wāhanga whakamahana me te wāhanga pupuhi whakamatao;
1) Wāhanga whakamahana – ka mahi te whakamahana i roto i te whakamaroke, ā, ka mutu aunoa te whakamahana ina tae te pāmahana o runga ki te uara kua whakaritea, ina tae rānei te wā whakamahana ki te uara kua whakaritea;
2) Wāhanga whakamatao – Kia mutu te whakamahana o te whakamaroke, ka rere tonu te hau mā roto i te whakamaroke i te ara taketake hei whakamatao kia huri rā anō te whakamaroke ki te aratau mahi.
·Tūnga mahi: Kua kī te kaha o te hau tukatuka, ā, kāore te whakamahana i roto i te whakamaroke e mahi ana.
5. Te rerema mahi o ngā pourewa e toru
I tēnei wā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te tukanga pourewa e toru. E toru ngā whakamaroke kua tāutahia ki roto i te taputapu, kei roto ko ngā whakamaroke (tātari ngota) he nui te kaha mimiti me te ātete pai ki te pāmahana. E toru ngā whakamaroke ka whakawhitiwhiti i waenga i te whakahaere, te whakaora, me te mimiti kia mau tonu ai te mahi a te taputapu katoa. I muri i te maroketanga, ka taea e te tohu tomairangi o te hau hauwai te eke ki raro iho i te -70 ℃.
I roto i te huringa whakawhiti, ka haere te whakamaroke i roto i ngā āhua e toru: te mahi, te mimiti, me te whakaora. Mō ia āhua, ko te whakamaroke tuatahi e tomo ai te hau hauwai mata i muri i te tango hāora, te whakamatao, me te tātari wai kei reira:
1) Tūnga mahi: Kei te kī tonu te kaha o te hau tukatuka, kāore te whakamahana i roto i te whakamaroke e mahi ana, ā, ko te reo he hau hauwai mata kāore anō kia whakamaroketia;
Kei te wāhi e tomo mai ai te whakamaroke tuarua:
2) Āhua whakaora: 20% te rōrahi hau: Kei roto i te āhua whakaora te wāhanga whakamahana me te wāhanga pupuhi whakamatao;
Wāhanga whakamahana – ka mahi te whakamahana i roto i te whakamaroke, ā, ka mutu aunoa te whakamahana ina tae te pāmahana o runga ki te uara kua whakaritea, ina tae rānei te wā whakamahana ki te uara kua whakaritea;
Wāhanga whakamatao – Kia mutu te whakamahana o te whakamaroke, ka rere tonu te hau mā roto i te whakamaroke i te ara taketake hei whakamatao kia huri rā anō te whakamaroke ki te aratau mahi; Ina kei te wāhanga whakaora te whakamaroke, ka maroke te hau hauwai i roto i te reo;
Kei te tomokanga mai o te whakamaroke tuatoru:
3) Āhua mimiti: Ko te rōrahi hau tukatuka he 20%, kāore te whakamahana i roto i te whakamaroke e mahi ana, ā, ko te reo he hau hauwai hei whakaora.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-19-2024
