I te whānui, ko te waikura hikohiko e pā ana ki te tukanga katoa o te waikura hikohiko, e uru ana ki ngā tauhohenga hikohiko tika, ā-kore rānei e puta ana i te hikohiko i runga i ngā mātāpono o ngā tauhohenga waikura-whakaiti. Ko te whāinga o ēnei tauhohenga he whakaiti, he tango rānei i ngā poke mai i te wai para.
He whāiti te whakamāramatanga o te whakahāngaitanga hikohiko, e pā ana ki te tukanga anodic. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka whakaurua he otinga waro, he whakatārewatanga rānei ki roto i te pūtau hikohiko, ā, mā te whakamahi i te iahiko tika, ka tangohia ngā irahiko i te anode, ka arahi ki te whakahāngaitanga o ngā matū waro. Waihoki, ka taea te whakahāngai i ngā konganuku iti-valence ki ngā katote konganuku teitei-valence i te anode, ka whai wāhi atu ki te whakahāngaitanga o ngā matū waro. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakaatuhia e ētahi rōpū mahi i roto i ngā matū waro he mahi hikohiko. I raro i te awe o te mara hiko, ka rerekē te hanganga o ēnei rōpū mahi, ka whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga matū o ngā matū waro, ka whakaiti i ō rātou paitini, ka whakarei ake i tō rātou pirau koiora.
E rua ngā momo o te waikura hikohiko: te waikura tika me te waikura ā-kore. Ko te waikura tika (te waikura hiko tika) ko te tango tika i ngā poke mai i te wai para mā te waikura i te irahiko. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga ngā tukanga anodic me ngā tukanga cathodic. Ko te tukanga anodic ko te waikura o ngā poke i te mata anode, ka huri hei matū iti ake te paitini, hei matū rānei ka pirau ake, ā, ka whakaitihia, ka whakakorea rānei ngā poke. Ko te tukanga cathodic ko te whakaiti i ngā poke i te mata cathode, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia mō te whakaiti me te tango i ngā warowaihā halogenated me te whakaora i ngā konganuku taumaha.
Ka taea hoki te kī ko te tukanga katorika he whakaiti hikohiko. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakawhiti i ngā irahiko hei whakaiti i ngā katote konganuku taumaha pēnei i te Cr6+ me te Hg2+ ki ō rātou āhua waikura iti iho. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i ngā matū waro kua whakapūkarahia ki te hauota, ka huri i a rātou hei matū iti ake te paitini, kāore rānei he paitini, ā, i te mutunga ka whakarei ake i tō rātou pirau koiora:
R-Cl + H+ + e → RH + Cl-
Ko te whakahāngaitanga ā-kore (te hikohiko ā-kore) ko te whakamahinga o ngā matū whakahāngaitanga, whakaiti rānei i hangaia e te hikohiko hei matū tauhohe, hei whakakōkī rānei hei huri i ngā poke ki ngā matū iti ake te paitini. Ka taea te whakarōpū anō i te hikohiko ā-kore ki ngā tukanga whakahurihuri me ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri. Ko ngā tukanga whakahurihuri (te whakahāngaitanga hikohiko i waenga i ngā matū) ko te whakahoutanga me te hangarua o ngā momo redox i te wā o te tukanga hikohiko. I tetahi atu ringa, ka whakamahia e ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri ngā matū i hangaia mai i ngā tauhohenga hikohiko kore e taea te huri, pērā i ngā matū whakahāngaitanga kaha pērā i te Cl2, ngā chlorate, ngā hypochlorite, te H2O2, me te O3, hei whakahāngai i ngā matū waro. Ka taea hoki e ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri te whakaputa i ngā takawaenga tino whakahāngaitanga, tae atu ki ngā irahiko kua whakarewahia, ngā rauropi ·HO, ngā rauropi ·HO2 (ngā rauropi hydroperoxyl), me ngā rauropi ·O2- (ngā anion superoxide), ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaiti me te whakakore i ngā poke pērā i te cyanide, ngā phenols, te COD (Te Tono Hāora Matū), me ngā ion S2-, ā, ka huri hei matū kore kino.
Mēnā he waikura anodic tika, ka taea e te iti o ngā kukū matū tauhohe te whakawhāiti i te tauhohenga mata hikohiko nā te mea he herenga whakawhiti papatipu, engari kāore tēnei herenga mō ngā tukanga waikura ā-kore. I roto i ngā tukanga waikura tika me te ā-kore, ka puta pea ngā tauhohenga taha e uru ana ki te whakaputanga o te hau H2, O2 rānei, engari ka taea te whakahaere i ēnei tauhohenga taha mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi hikohiko me te whakahaere pūmanawa.
Kua kitea he whai hua te waikura hikohiko mō te rongoā i ngā wai para me ngā kukū waro teitei, ngā hanganga matatini, te maha o ngā matū ātete-hau, me te tae teitei. Mā te whakamahi i ngā anode me te mahi hikohiko, ka taea e tēnei hangarau te whakaputa i ngā rauropi hydroxyl tino waikura. Mā tēnei tukanga ka arahi ki te wetewete i ngā poke waro pumau ki ngā matū kore-paitini, pirau-ora, me tō rātou whakapūtanga katoa ki ngā matū pēnei i te hauhā waro, i ngā warowaihā rānei.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-07-2023
